Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have developed a cancer cell reprogramming technology that restores malignant breast cancer cells to a treatable state.

The team, led by Professor Cho Kwang-Hyun of the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, evaluated the study as a very meaningful research achievement in that it suggests a new concept anti-cancer treatment strategy.

Chemotherapy applied to triple-negative breast cancer patients inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by attacking and killing cancer cells that divide rapidly and cause metastasis. However, this treatment causes serious side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, bone marrow dysfunction, and lethargy by killing even normal cells dividing in the body.

Therefore, the research team developed a new concept treatment strategy to convert triple-negative breast cancer cells into luminal-A breast cancer cells, which is treatable with hormones.

In developing the method, the research team developed a mathematical model of the gene network and applied large-scale computer simulation analysis and complex network control technology to discover two key molecular targets -- BCL11A and HDAC1/2.

The research team proved that they could effectively transform triple-negative breast cancer cells into luminal-A cancer cells by inhibiting them through molecular cell experiments.

When the team inhibited the two key molecular targets, the team confirmed a reduction in cell division. In addition, it reduced the activity of factors related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate, a major cell growth signal flow pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

The researchers also confirmed a restoration in the activity of "ERa" signaling pathway factors, a major cell growth signaling pathway in luminal-A breast cancer cells.

"Until now, triple-negative breast cancer, the most malignant of all breast cancers, had no other option than chemotherapy, which is highly toxic and causes major side effects," Professor Cho said. "However, by reprogramming the triple-negative breast cancer cells into hormonally treatable and less malignant luminal-A breast cancer cells, we have opened up new possibilities for effective treatment."

This study suggested a new anti-cancer treatment strategy that restores the cancer cells to a more easily treatable cellular state rather than directly destroying them, Cho added.

Cancer Research published the results of the study on Tuesday.