Study reveals genetic predisposition increases risk of gout

A study has confirmed that individuals may be genetically predisposed to gout, regardless of lifestyle choices. The study found that those with a high genetic risk for hyperuricemia are seven times more likely to develop gout compared to those with a lower genetic risk.

According to a research team, led by Professor Won Hong-hee of the Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, and researcher Kim Young-jin of the Department of Precision Medicine at the National Institute of Health, analyzed genomic data from approximately 1.03 million individuals, including 220,000 East Asian, including Koreans, and 680,000 Europeans.

The analysis identified genetic factors influencing hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia, characterized by an excess of uric acid in the blood, can occur from the overconsumption of purine-rich foods such as meat, fish, and beer. This condition can lead to gout, a disease marked by severe pain, and is also associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

While lifestyle modifications have traditionally been recommended to prevent hyperuricemia, recent research suggests that individuals with genetic predispositions to the condition tend to have higher uric acid levels, irrespective of their lifestyle.

Prior studies predominantly focused on European populations, limiting their applicability to Koreans. This new research, encompassing a multi-ethnic cohort including a significant number of East Asians, represents the largest study of its kind.

The findings reveal that Koreans in the top 10 percent of the genetic risk group for hyperuricemia are seven times more likely to develop gout compared to those in the lowest 10 percent risk group.

The study also found this high-risk group also has a 1.5 times higher likelihood of developing hypertension.

Additionally, the research identified 17 novel genetic factors associated with hyperuricemia. These factors are linked to various bodily tissues and systems, including the urinary tract, heart valves, immune system, and respiratory system.

The results were published in Nature Communications.