If a liver cancer patient has undergone third-line therapy following immunotherapies Tecentriq (atezolizumab) and Avastin (bevacizumab), but the liver cancer has progressed, leading to lung metastasis, what is the subsequent treatment plan?

What is the rate of patients who do not respond to this third-line immuno-oncology treatment?

"When we try atezolizumab + bevacizumab treatment, about one-third of patients see their disease progress before completing even the three-month treatment," said Professor Chon Hong-jae of the Department of Hematology/Oncology at CHA University Bundang Medical Center on the YouTube channel with the same as the hospital. "It is not a small number."

If the third-line immuno-oncology combination fails, the next standard of care is targeted therapy. However, this is a non-reimbursed treatment that requires 100 percent of the patient to pay.

"Initially, immuno-oncology drugs are used, and when you move on to the second line, you have to use mainly targeted therapies," Professor Chon said. "These standard treatments are not reimbursed. There are drugs like Lenvima (lenvatinib) and Nexavar (sorafenib) that are available without insurance benefits."

There is one more treatment option you can try: participating in a liver cancer clinical study.

"The guidelines recommend that after atezolizumab + bevacizumab, the best thing you can do is to participate in a clinical study and get treated," Chon said. "If you get into a clinical study, there are also clinical studies that are going on right now using immuno-oncology drugs, such as Tecentriq, Avastin, Lenvima and other drugs, or Lenvima plus Tecntriq, so you should sufficiently consider it."